Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal problem in women. It’s one of the most common hormonal disorders during pregnancy, but it’s often understudied and overlooked. PCOS can cause many difficulties not only during pregnancy but also in everyday life. Globally, 1 in 10 women are affected by PCOS. Young women in India are particularly struggling with this problem. According to Dr. Aastha Gupta, Senior IVF Consultant and Infertility Specialist, PCOS is a complex hormonal disorder in which the ovaries produce excessive amounts of androgens, or male hormones, leading to a number of symptoms.
Common Symptoms and Causes of PCOS
The main symptoms of PCOS include irregular menstruation, difficulty conceiving, weight gain, acne, and excessive facial and body hair. Ultrasound may reveal multiple small cysts in a woman’s ovaries, but PCOS cannot be diagnosed based on cysts alone. The causes of PCOS are unclear, but it’s often linked to insulin resistance, lifestyle, and genetics. If it is identified and managed early, its impact on women’s physical and mental health can be significantly reduced.
Potential Problems If PCOS Goes Untreated
If PCOS is ignored or not treated properly, it can lead to numerous health problems. The most prominent one is infertility, as irregular ovulation can make women unable to conceive. Metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity can also increase the risk of heart disease, as high cholesterol and high blood pressure increase. Irregular ovulation can also increase the risk of endometrial cancer. Hormonal imbalances and other symptoms can affect mental health, leading to depression, anxiety, and self-esteem issues.
Management and Prevention of PCOS
PCOS cannot be completely cured, but it can be managed and controlled. Lifestyle changes and weight control are essential. A balanced diet, including whole grains, protein, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats, helps control blood sugar. Regular exercise improves insulin sensitivity and reduces stress. Yoga, meditation, and adequate sleep help maintain hormonal balance. Doctors may recommend birth control pills, metformin, or ovulation-stimulating medications, depending on the patient’s condition. If medications don’t yield results, fertility treatments like IVF may also be an option. Taking these measures in a timely manner can prevent or delay the serious consequences of PCOS.
